Innovative Surface Modification Procedures to Achieve Micro/Nano-Graded Ti-Based Biomedical Alloys and Implants

Due to the growing aging population of world, and as a result increasing need for dental implants prostheses, use titanium its alloys implant materials has spread rapidly. Although are considered best metallic biomedical applications, innovative technologies is necessary due sensitivity medical applications eliminate any potentially harmful reactions, enhancing implant-to-bone integration preventing infection. In this regard, implant’s surface substrate reaction crucial importance, it accurately addressed in review paper. For constructing paper, an internet search was performed on web science with these keywords: modification techniques, implant, functionalization, etc. Numerous recent papers about were selected reviewed, except section forthcoming modern implants, which extended research performed. This paper aimed briefly introduce characteristics numerous treatment techniques. Specific emphasis given micro/nano-structured topographies, biocompatibility, osteogenesis, bactericidal effects. Additionally, gradient, multi-scale, hierarchical surfaces multifunctional properties discussed. Finally, special attention paid strategies such four-dimensional printing, metamaterials, metasurfaces. including traditional novel strategies, will pave way toward designing next generation more efficient implants.